目录前提条件概述Compose简介Compose文件Compose环境Compose命令帮助命令关键命令Compose部署项目初始化环境查看代码文件sql数据准备nginx配置文件准备创建 compose.yaml一键启动compose多个容器浏览器访问虚拟机ip:80(可省略默认的80端口)查看Compose运行的容器查看容器日志关闭并删除Compose开启的容器* *### 前提条件1. 熟悉Docker、Spring Boot 、Vue基本知识2. 熟悉yaml文件基本知识可参考YAML 入门教程3. 掌握Docker部署Spring Boot Vue项目方法可参考Docker部署Spring Boot Vue项目### 概述本文在普通的Docker部署Spring Boot Vue项目 的基础上进行。部署若依前后端分离版项目为例重点在于如何使用Docker Compose的方式加快项目部署过程。此前使用Docker部署一个Spring Boot Vue项目包含了4个容器MySQL * Redis * Java后端 * Nginx前端 而稍微复杂的项目还会有各种各样的其它中间件需要部署的容器远不止4个。如果还像之前那样手动的逐一部署就太麻烦了。而Docker Compose就可以帮助我们实现多个相互关联的Docker容器的快速部署。### Compose简介Docker Compose 是一个用于定义和运行多容器应用程序的工具是实现精简且高效的开发与部署体验的关键所在。它简化了对整个应用程序栈的控制能够通过一个易于理解的 YAML 配置文件轻松管理服务、网络和存储卷。然后只需一条命令就能依据配置文件创建并启动所有服务。Docker Compose 可在所有环境中工作包括生产、预发布、开发、测试环境以及持续集成CI工作流程。它还具备用于管理应用程序整个生命周期的命令比如* 启动、停止和重建服务。 * 查看正在运行服务的状态。 * 流式输出正在运行服务的日志内容。 * 在某个服务上运行一次性命令。 通过使用 Docker Compose使用一个名为 Compose 文件的 YAML 配置文件来配置应用程序的各项服务然后使用 Compose 命令行界面CLI依据该配置文件创建并启动所有服务。Compose 文件即 compose.yaml 文件在定义多容器应用程序方面遵循了 Compose 规范所提供的规则。### Compose文件Compose 文件的默认路径是位于工作目录下的compose.yaml首选或compose.yml。为了与早期版本兼容Compose 也支持docker-compose.yaml和docker-compose.yml。如果这两种文件都存在Compose 会优先使用规范的 compose.yaml 文件。你可以使用片段和扩展来保持 Compose 文件的高效性和易于维护性。多个 Compose 文件可以合并在一起以定义应用程序模型。YAML 文件的组合是通过根据你设置的 Compose 文件顺序来追加或覆盖 YAML 元素来实现的。简单属性和映射会被最高顺序的 Compose 文件覆盖列表则通过追加来合并。当要合并的互补文件存放在其他文件夹时相对路径会基于第一个 Compose 文件的父文件夹来解析。由于一些 Compose 文件元素既可以表示为单个字符串也可以表示为复杂对象所以合并操作适用于展开形式。如果想复用其他 Compose 文件或者将应用程序模型的部分内容提取到单独的 Compose 文件中也可以使用 “include”。如果你的 Compose 应用程序依赖于由不同团队管理的另一个应用程序或者需要与他人共享这将非常有用。### Compose环境安装docker时已经附带安装了docker-compose-plugin插件所以无需另外安装docker compose使用如下命令查询compose版本看到版本号说明docker compose正常可用[rootlocalhost ~]# docker compose versionDocker Compose version v2.29.7### Compose命令通过 “docker compose” 命令及其子命令与 Docker Compose 应用程序进行交互。可以管理在 compose.yaml 文件中定义的多容器应用程序的生命周期。这些命令能够轻松地启动、停止和配置应用程序。#### 帮助命令docker compose帮助命令[rootlocalhost ~]# docker compose --helpUsage: docker compose [OPTIONS] COMMANDDefine and run multi-container applications with DockerOptions: --all-resources Include all resources, even those not used by services --ansi string Control when to print ANSI control characters (“never”|“always”|“auto”) (default “auto”) --compatibility Run compose in backward compatibility mode --dry-run Execute command in dry run mode --env-file stringArray Specify an alternate environment file -f, --file stringArray Compose configuration files --parallel int Control max parallelism, -1 for unlimited (default -1) --profile stringArray Specify a profile to enable --progress string Set type of progress output (auto, tty, plain, json, quiet) (default “auto”) --project-directory string Specify an alternate working directory (default: the path of the, first specified, Compose file) -p, --project-name string Project nameCommands: attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a service’s running container build Build or rebuild services config Parse, resolve and render compose file in canonical format cp Copy files/folders between a service container and the local filesystem create Creates containers for a service down Stop and remove containers, networks events Receive real time events from containers exec Execute a command in a running container images List images used by the created containers kill Force stop service containers logs View output from containers ls List running compose projects pause Pause services port Print the public port for a port binding ps List containers pull Pull service images push Push service images restart Restart service containers rm Removes stopped service containers run Run a one-off command on a service scale Scale services start Start services stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop services top Display the running processes unpause Unpause services up Create and start containers version Show the Docker Compose version information wait Block until containers of all (or specified) services stop. watch Watch build context for service and rebuild/refresh containers when files are updatedRun ‘docker compose COMMAND --help’ for more information on a command.查看某个命令的帮助例如docker compose up命令帮助如下[rootlocalhost ~]# docker compose up --helpUsage: docker compose up [OPTIONS] [SERVICE…]Create and start containersOptions: --abort-on-container-exit Stops all containers if any container was stopped. Incompatible with -d --abort-on-container-failure Stops all containers if any container exited with failure. Incompatible with -d --always-recreate-deps Recreate dependent containers. Incompatible with --no-recreate. --attach stringArray Restrict attaching to the specified services. Incompatible with --attach-dependencies. --attach-dependencies Automatically attach to log output of dependent services --build Build images before starting containers -d, --detach Detached mode: Run containers in the background --dry-run Execute command in dry run mode --exit-code-from string Return the exit code of the selected service container. Implies --abort-on-container-exit --force-recreate Recreate containers even if their configuration and image haven’t changed --menu Enable interactive shortcuts when running attached. Incompatible with --detach. Can also be enable/disable by setting COMPOSE_MENU environment var. --no-attach stringArray Do not attach (stream logs) to the specified services --no-build Don’t build an image, even if it’s policy --no-color Produce monochrome output --no-deps Don’t start linked services --no-log-prefix Don’t print prefix in logs --no-recreate If containers already exist, don’t recreate them. Incompatible with --force-recreate. --no-start Don’t start the services after creating them --pull string Pull image before running (“always”|“missing”|“never”) (default “policy”) --quiet-pull Pull without printing progress information --remove-orphans Remove containers for services not defined in the Compose file -V, --renew-anon-volumes Recreate anonymous volumes instead of retrieving data from the previous containers --scale scale Scale SERVICE to NUM instances. Overrides the scale setting in the Compose file if present. -t, --timeout int Use this timeout in seconds for container shutdown when attached or when containers are already running --timestamps Show timestamps --wait Wait for services to be running|healthy. Implies detached mode. --wait-timeout int Maximum duration to wait for the project to be running|healthy -w, --watch Watch source code and rebuild/refresh containers when files are updated.#### 关键命令启动在 compose.yaml 文件中定义的所有容器服务docker compose up停止并移除正在运行的容器服务docker compose down监控正在运行的容器的输出并调试问题通过以下命令查看日志docker compose logs列出所有容器服务及其当前状态docker compose ps### Compose部署项目此前docker命令一个一个容器手动部署步骤如下# 1.创建网络[rootlocalhost ~]# docker network create rynet# 2.启动mysql容器docker run -d -p 3306:3306-v /app/myconf:/etc/mysql/conf.d-v /app/mydata:/var/lib/mysql-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORDpassword–network rynet–name mysqldbmysql:8.0.39-debian# 3.运行sql文件得到初始数据# 4.运行redis容器docker run -d -p 6379:6379–name myredis-v /app/redis/conf:/usr/local/etc/redis-v /app/redis/data:/data–network rynetredis# 5.构建后端镜像# 5.1Dockerfile内容FROM openjdk:8LABEL authorliangCOPY ruoyi-admin.jar /ruoyi-admin.jarEXPOSE 8080ENTRYPOINT [“java”,“-jar”,“/ruoyi-admin.jar”]# 5.2构建镜像[rootlocalhost ruoyi]# docker build -t ruoyiadmin:v1 .# 6.运行后端容器docker run -d -p 8080:8080–name backend–network rynet-v /app/admindata/uploadPath:/ruoyi/uploadPathruoyiadmin:v1# 7.运行前端容器docker run -d -p 80:80-v /root/dist:/usr/share/nginx/html-v ryngconf:/etc/nginx–name rynginx–network rynetnginx下面把这些步骤统一写在一个compose.yaml文件中然后使用一条命令启动这些容器避免手动一步一步运行各个容器的麻烦简化部署流程。compose.yaml内容还可进一步优化本文后面会提供优化后的yaml内容如下 services: mysql: image: mysql container_name: mysqldb ports: - “3306:3306” environment: TZ: Asia/Shanghai MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: password volumes: - “/app/compose/mysql/myconf:/etc/mysql/conf.d” - “/app/compose/mysql/mydata:/var/lib/mysql” - “/app/compose/mysql/myinit:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d” # 初始化sql文件所在目录绑定挂载 networks: - rynet redis: image: redis container_name: myredis volumes: - “/app/compose/redis/conf:/usr/local/etc/redis” - “/app/compose/redis/data:/data” networks: - rynet javabackend: build: context: ./ruoyi dockerfile: Dockerfile container_name: backend image: ruoyiadmin:v2 # 指定镜像名 ports: - “8080:8080” # 暴露端口 volumes: - /app/admindata/uploadPath:/ruoyi/uploadPath # 上传目录绑定挂载 networks: - rynet depends_on: - mysql - redis nginx: image: nginx container_name: nginx ports: - “80:80” volumes: - “/root/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf” # 绑定挂载配置文件提前准备 - “/root/dist:/usr/share/nginx/html” depends_on: - javabackend networks: - rynet networks: rynet:看到compose.yaml文件定义了4个容器。读者可自行对比compose文件定义的容器和docker run命令运行容器的对应关系。#### 初始化环境# 删除容器[rootlocalhost ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa)fcb5469c077688c2f4a4496f74eeb57c403808776c3691f73655375bda89ce27bf6641482f92612fd555f16e0185235f5d0a2242ac54[rootlocalhost ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES[rootlocalhost ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES# 删除未使用的网络[rootlocalhost ~]# docker network prune# 删除相关镜像[rootlocalhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEruoyiadmin v1 6de9305df65c 2 hours ago 610MBruoyifront v1 35c81e6d0f0b 25 hours ago 194MBtest/mychangenginx v1 16689c99df42 3 days ago 188MBubuntu latest b1e9cef3f297 5 weeks ago 78.1MBnginx latest 39286ab8a5e1 6 weeks ago 188MBredis latest 7e49ed81b42b 2 months ago 117MBmysql latest c757d623b190 2 months ago 586MBmysql 8.0.39-debian 3c716403fbe7 2 months ago 611MBhello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 17 months ago 13.3kB[rootlocalhost ~]# docker rmi 6de 35c 166[rootlocalhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEubuntu latest b1e9cef3f297 5 weeks ago 78.1MBnginx latest 39286ab8a5e1 6 weeks ago 188MBredis latest 7e49ed81b42b 2 months ago 117MBmysql latest c757d623b190 2 months ago 586MBmysql 8.0.39-debian 3c716403fbe7 2 months ago 611MBhello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 17 months ago 13.3kB#### 查看代码文件在完成Docker部署Spring Boot Vue项目后就会有前后端的代码文件通过如下命令查看代码文件确保如下这些文件存在。# 查看代码文件[rootlocalhost ~]# lsruoyi dist …# 查看前端文件[rootlocalhost ~]# ls distfavicon.ico html index.html index.html.gz robots.txt static# 查看到后端文件[rootlocalhost ~]# ls ruoyiDockerfile ruoyi-admin.jar#### sql数据准备将mysql数据初始化文件ry_20240629.sql上传到指定目录例如/app/compose/mysql/myinit/[rootlocalhost ~]# mkdir -p /app/compose/mysql/myinit[rootlocalhost ~]# ls /app/compose/mysql/myinit/ry_20240629.sql#### nginx配置文件准备[rootlocalhost ~]# vi nginx.confnginx.conf内容如下 user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; index index.html index.htm; } location /prod-api/{ proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://backend:8080/; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location /50x.html { root html; } } } 1.location / {里面的root 配置前端代码文件所在的目录 2.location /prod-api/{里面配置了前端请求带有/prod-api/开头的路径将请求转发到对应的后端地址这里配置的后端服务地址为http://backend:8080/例如localhost:80/prod-api/getAllUser请求转发到http://backend:8080/getAllUser#### 创建compose.yaml[rootlocalhost ~]# vi compose.yaml优化后的compose.yaml文件内容如下 services: mysqldb: image: mysql:8.0.39-debian container_name: mysqldb ports: - “3306:3306” environment: TZ: Asia/Shanghai MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: password MYSQL_DATABASE: ryvue LANG: C.UTF-8 command: --character-set-serverutf8mb4 --collation-serverutf8mb4_general_ci volumes: - “/app/compose/mysql/myconf:/etc/mysql/conf.d” - “/app/compose/mysql/mydata:/var/lib/mysql” - “/app/compose/mysql/myinit:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d” # 绑定挂载初始化sql文件所在目录 networks: - rynet myredis: image: redis container_name: myredis volumes: - “/app/compose/redis/conf:/usr/local/etc/redis” - “/app/compose/redis/data:/data” networks: - rynet backend: build: context: ./ruoyi dockerfile: Dockerfile container_name: backend image: ruoyiadmin:v2 # 指定镜像名 ports: - “8080:8080” volumes: - /app/admindata/uploadPath:/ruoyi/uploadPath # 绑定挂载上传目录 networks: - rynet restart: always depends_on: mysqldb: condition: service_started myredis: condition: service_started nginx: image: nginx container_name: nginx ports: - “80:80” volumes: - “/root/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf” # 绑定挂载nginx配置文件提前准备 - “/root/dist:/usr/share/nginx/html” # 绑定挂载前端代码目录 depends_on: - backend networks: - rynet networks: rynet: #### 一键启动compose多个容器[rootlocalhost ~]# docker compose up -d[] Running 1/1 ! backend Warning Get “https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/”: net/http: request canceled while waiting fo… 139.6s [] Building 0.1s (8/8) FINISHED docker:default [backend internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s transferring dockerfile: 169B 0.0s [backend internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/openjdk:8 0.0s [backend internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s transferring context: 2B 0.0s [backend internal] load build context 0.0s transferring context: 39B 0.0s [backend 1/2] FROM docker.io/library/openjdk:8 0.0s CACHED [backend 2/2] COPY ruoyi-admin.jar /ruoyi-admin.jar 0.0s [backend] exporting to image 0.0s exporting layers 0.0s writing image sha256:83e99924b0730b778deafc3783a049a240783ee9658f2c096f151d55b12bb6bc 0.0s naming to docker.io/library/ruoyiadmin:v2 0.0s [backend] resolving provenance for metadata file 0.0s[] Running 5/5 Network root_rynet Created 0.1s Container myredis Started 0.6s Container mysqldb Started 0.6s Container backend Started 0.9s Container nginx Started 1.2s [rootlocalhost ~]# #### 浏览器访问虚拟机ip:80(可省略默认的80端口)虚拟机ip输入验证码后进入用户管理看到如下界面#### 查看Compose运行的容器[rootlocalhost ~]# docker compose psNAME IMAGE COMMAND SERVICE CREATED STATUS PORTSbackend ruoyiadmin:v2 “java -jar /ruoyi-ad…” backend 10 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080-8080/tcp, :::8080-8080/tcpmyredis redis “docker-entrypoint.s…” myredis 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 6379/tcpmysqldb mysql:8.0.39-debian “docker-entrypoint.s…” mysqldb 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306-3306/tcp, :::3306-3306/tcp, 33060/tcpnginx nginx “/docker-entrypoint.…” nginx 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 0.0.0.0:80-80/tcp, :::80-80/tcp#### 查看容器日志使用如下命令查看容器日志[rootlocalhost ~]# docker compose logs…省略日志输出…看到输出了Compose中多个容器的日志。#### 关闭并删除Compose开启的容器关闭并删除Compose开启的容器[rootlocalhost ~]# docker compose down[] Running 5/5 Container nginx Removed 0.3s Container backend Removed 0.4s Container mysqldb Removed 0.6s Container myredis Removed 0.2s Network root_rynet Removed 0.1s [rootlocalhost ~]# 再次查看容器[rootlocalhost ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES完成enjoy it